A "living will" is a legal document setting forth the kind of medical care a person wants or doesn't want in the event of incapacity or a terminal illness.
A "short sale" is the borrowing of a security from a stockbroker and selling it, with the expectation that it will later be bought back to close out the position (hopefully at a lower price) and returned to the broker. Short selling or shorting a stock is a bet that the price of the security will go down. If the price of the security goes up after the short sell, the investor will incur a loss after the position is closed out.